Cancer is not a single disease but a group of diseases that occur when abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and form tumors or spread to other parts of the body. Over 100 different types of cancer exist, with common forms including breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer. While the exact cause of cancer is still not fully understood, it is widely acknowledged that genetic mutations, environmental factors (such as smoking or exposure to UV radiation), and lifestyle choices (such as diet and exercise) contribute significantly to its development.
Cancer treatment has advanced dramatically over the past few decades. Traditional treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, remain essential in managing many cancers. However, more recent innovations, including targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, are providing new hope for patients. Targeted therapies work by attacking cancer cells based on specific genetic mutations, while immunotherapy harnesses the body’s immune system to fight cancer more effectively.
The role of genetics in cancer has also been a major area of research. Some individuals inherit genetic mutations that predispose them to certain cancers, such as the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes linked to breast and ovarian cancer. Advances in genetic testing allow for better risk assessment, early detection, and personalized treatment plans tailored to an individual’s genetic makeup.
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